an environmental cue, as the length of daylight or the degree of temperature, that helps to regulate the cycles of an organism's biological clock

to rise above or go beyond; overpass; exceed

exhausted; very tired

a yawning fissure or deep cleft in the earth's surface; gorge

to invoke or call down (evil or curses), as upon a person

to write learnedly

a nonstandard or ungrammatical usage

of, pertaining to, engaged in, or characterized by philanthropy; benevolent